June 2022 saw the publication of new legislation on secure bicycle parking, an opportunity to review the various obligations applicable to your parking lots, namely:
- Secure bicycle parking;
- Electric vehicle charging stations ;
- Renewable energy production processes and vegetation systems.
Secure bicycle parking
1/ New buildings for which the building permit application or prior declaration is submitted after December 26, 2022
| Building type |
Applicable requirements |
| Industrial and commercial buildings |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- The parking space may be located outside the building, provided that it is covered, enclosed, lit and located on the same property line as the building.
- Bicycle parking must be secured by a door with a secure locking system.
- The minimum number of pitches is 15% of the total number of employees accommodated simultaneously in the building.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
|
| Housing complex with individual parking spaces |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- The parking space may be located outside the building, provided that it is covered, enclosed, lit and located on the same land unit as the building.
- Bicycle parking must be secured by a door with a secure locking system.
- The number of pitches is :
- 1 space per dwelling up to 2 main rooms ;
- 2 spaces per dwelling with 3 or more main rooms.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
|
| Building housing a public service equipped with parking spaces for public service employees or users. |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- The parking space may be located outside the building, provided that it is covered, lit and located on the same land unit as the building.
- Bicycle parking must be secured either by functional surveillance (by an individual or by video surveillance) or by a door fitted with a secure locking system.
- The minimum number of pitches is :
- 15% of the total number of public service employees housed in the building at any one time;
- 15% of the total number of public service users simultaneously accommodated in the building.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
- When they are intended for outdoor users, the parking space must be located within 50 metres of the building's main entrance(s).
|
| Building constituting a commercial complex or housing a cinema equipped with parking spaces for customers |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- The parking space may be located outside the building, provided that it is covered, lit and located on the same land unit as the building.
- Bicycle parking must be secured by functional surveillance (by an individual or by video surveillance) or by a door fitted with a secure locking system.
- The minimum number of spaces is 10% of the parking lot's capacity, with a regulatory target of 100 spaces.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
- For outdoor customer parking, the parking space must be located within 50 metres of the building's main entrance(s).
|
Note: The number of pitches includes the number of pitches existing before January 3, 2023, including those located in private areas, and must be a minimum of 2 pitches.
2/ Work on the parking lot starting after December 26, 2022
When work is carried out on the parking lot after December 26, 2022, the obligation to provide secure bicycle parking applies under the following conditions:
- on a parking lot with more than 10 spaces;
- and when the ratio between the estimated cost of the work and the value of the building(s) is greater than 2%.
| Building type |
Applicable requirements |
| Industrial and commercial buildings |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- Bicycle parking must be secured by a door with a secure locking system.
- The minimum number of places is 10% of the total number of workers accommodated simultaneously in the building.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
Derogation: This obligation does not apply to existing tertiary buildings where the owner has already met the obligation.
|
| Housing complex with individual parking spaces |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- Bicycle parking must be secured by a door with a secure locking system.
- The number of pitches is one per dwelling.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
|
| Building housing a public service equipped with parking spaces for public service employees or users. |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- Bicycle parking must be secured by functional surveillance (by an individual or by video surveillance) or by a door fitted with a secure locking system.
- The minimum number of pitches is :
- 10% of the total number of public service employees housed in the building at any one time;
- 10% of the total number of public service users simultaneously accommodated in the building.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
- When intended for outdoor users, they must be located within 50 meters of the building's main entrance(s).
|
| Building constituting a commercial complex or housing a cinema equipped with parking spaces for customers |
- The parking area features fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
- Bicycle parking must be secured either by functional surveillance (by an individual or by video surveillance), or by a door fitted with a secure locking system.
- The minimum number of spaces is 10% of the parking lot's capacity, with a regulatory target of 100 spaces.
- Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
- When they are intended for customers and outdoors, they must be located within 50 meters of the building's main entrance(s).
|
Note: The number of pitches includes the number of pitches existing before January 3, 2023, including those located in private areas, and must be a minimum of 2 pitches.
3/ Existing commercial buildings
The obligation to install secure bicycle parking applies to all building owners whose parking facilities include at least 10 spaces for workers, and also to all co-owners whose co-ownership lot(s) include at least 10 spaces for workers.
The parking space must be equipped with fixed devices for stabilizing and securing bicycles by the frame and at least one wheel.
The parking space may be located outside the building, provided that it is covered, enclosed, lit and located on the same property line as the building.
Bicycle parking must be secured by a door fitted with a secure locking system.
The minimum number of spaces is :
- 10% of the total number of workers in the building at any one time;
- A maximum of 10% of the total number of workers accommodated simultaneously on the premises of the co-owner whose co-ownership lot(s) include(s) at least 10 places for workers.
Each parking space requires a minimum area of 1.5 m², excluding clearance.
Note: The number of pitches includes the number of pitches existing before January 3, 2023, including those located in private areas, and must be a minimum of 2 pitches.
Exemptions are possible following work on parking lots or for existing commercial buildings:
- where no available space capable of accommodating the required infrastructure is accessible by a cyclist from the public space, except where access to such a space can be reasonably adapted to be used by a cyclist in complete safety;
- when the reduction in the number of car parking spaces that would result from the installation of these infrastructures would prevent compliance with the minimum obligations imposed by the Local Urban Planning Scheme.
Electric vehicle charging stations
1/ For new buildings or major renovations* after March 11, 2021
*Major renovation Renovation costing a quarter of the building's value excluding land costs.
|
Minimal pre-equipment |
Minimum equipment |
Exemptions |
Application date |
Non-residential
- New or substantially renovated*, including the renovation of the parking lot or its electrical installation
- AND with more than 10 parking spaces
|
- 20% of seats
- AND
- 2% of these spaces accessible to people with reduced mobility (with at least one reserved space)
|
- 1 space with charging point accessible to people with reduced mobility
- OR
- 2 spaces for car parks with more than 200 spaces, including one reserved for PRMs
|
- Buildings occupied or owned by SMEs
- OR
- The cost of recharging and connection facilities represents more than 7% of the total cost of this renovation.
|
March 11, 2021 |
Residential
- New or extensively renovated*, including the renovation of the parking lot or the building's electrical system
- AND with more than 10 parking spaces
|
- 100% of seats
- Must allow individual billing of electricity consumption
|
- Buildings occupied or owned by SMEs
- OR
- The cost of recharging and connection facilities represents more than 7% of the total cost of this renovation.
|
|
March 11, 2021 |
2/ Buildings existing on March 11, 2021
|
Minimal pre-equipment |
Minimum equipment |
Exemptions |
Application date |
Non-residential
- Existing
- AND with more than 20 places
|
- |
- 1 space with a recharging point, sized to allow access for people with reduced mobility
- AND
- 1 space with a recharging point for every additional 20 spaces
|
- Buildings occupied or owned by SMEs
- OR
- The amount of work required on the upstream part of the main switchboard serving the charge points exceeds the total cost of the work and equipment carried out downstream of this switchboard to install the charge points.
In this case, the number of load points is limited so that the work upstream of the main switchboard does not exceed the total cost of the work downstream of this switchboard.
|
No later than January1, 2025 |
Remember, a SME is a company with fewer than 250 employees and annual sales not exceeding 50 million euros or total assets not exceeding 43 million euros.
For mixed-use buildings, residential and non-residential: between 11 and 20 spaces, it is the majority use of the parking lot, residential or non-residential, that determines the applicable regime. For more than 20 spaces, the obligations apply in proportion to the use of the spaces.
Special requirements apply to charging points depending on their accessibility to the public:
| Charging point not open to the public |
Public charging point |
Plug / Connector :
- Normal recharging point with type 2 socket outlet or type 2 connector (NF EN 62196-2).
|
Plug / Connector :
- Normal charging point with E-type socket outlet.
- High-power recharging point with type 2 connector (NF EN 62196-2).
- Until December 31, 2024 :
- Charging point equipped with a type 2 connector (NF EN 62196-2) enabling charging at a minimum power of 22 kW.
- OR charging point with Combo2 connector (NF EN 62196-3) for high-power DC charging.
|
| Recharging infrastructures can be used to control recharging. |
Recharging infrastructures can be used to control recharging. |
| Installation must be carried out by a qualified person. |
Installation must be carried out by a qualified person. |
A CONSUEL certificate of conformity must be obtained:
- For the commissioning of a charging infrastructure with a power rating > 36 kW.
- OR re-commissioning after power increase above 36 kW.
|
A CONSUEL certificate of conformity must be obtained:
- For the commissioning of a charging infrastructure with a power rating > 36 kW.
- OR re-commissioning after power increase above 36 kW.
|
| Maintenance must be carried out by authorized personnel. |
Maintenance must be carried out by authorized personnel. |
| An electrical design study must be carried out for any project in a park ≥ 50 places. |
An electrical design study must be carried out for any project in a park ≥ 50 places. |
| / |
A supervision system must be set up and operated by an infrastructure operator:
- Data exchange with each recharging point.
- Real-time monitoring of charging point status.
- Recording of essential parameters (including delivered energy).
|
| / |
Installations must be inspected once a year by a competent person or organization, with the inspection date and markings. |
| / |
The developer must guarantee a maximum response time in the event of an anomaly, unless attributable to the public network. |
| / |
Infrastructures must comply with appropriate IP/IK levels and operate under foreseeable conditions of temperature, humidity and electromagnetic interference. |
| / |
Service quality commitments and levels must be published by :
- The developer of an infrastructure network.
- The mobility operator providing access services.
- The interoperability platform for roaming.
|
Renewable energy production processes and green systems
The obligation to install renewable energy production processes and revegetation systems on parking lots was introduced by Law no. 2019-1147 of November 8, 2019 (Energy-Climate Law) and then reinforced by Law no. 2021-1104 of August 22, 2022 (Climate and Resilience Law)
These obligations concern the integration of :
- on at least half of their surface area, surface coverings, water features or vegetation that encourage permeability and infiltration of rainwater or its evaporation;
- vegetation or shading for at least half of the surface area of the parking area, provided that this is not incompatible with the nature of the project or the area in which it is located, and does not interfere with the preservation of the architectural or landscape heritage;
- if the parking lot includes shaded areas, a renewable energy production process over the entire surface area.
These obligations apply to applications for building or planning permission submitted on or after July 1, 2023 concerning :
- new outdoor parking lots open to the public of more than 500 m².
- outdoor parking lots of more than 500 m² associated with :
- the construction of buildings or parts of buildings for commercial, industrial or craft use, the construction of buildings for warehouse use, the construction of sheds not open to the public and used for commercial purposes, and the construction of covered parking lots accessible to the public, when they create more than 500 square meters of floor space;
- construction of office buildings or parts of buildings, when they create more than 1,000 square meters of floor space;
- Extensions and major renovations to buildings or parts of buildings where these extensions or renovations have a footprint of more than 500 square meters, for commercial, industrial or craft buildings, warehouse buildings, hangar buildings not open to the public and used for commercial purposes, and covered parking lots open to the public;
- Extensions and major renovations to buildings or parts of buildings where the floor area of the extension or renovation exceeds 1,000 square metres, for office buildings;
- associated parking areas when major renovations are carried out, or when a new public service concession, service provision or commercial lease contract is signed or renewed.
Regulatory sources :
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